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The Metal paintings are closely related to the third series, Fugue, which consists of ten square, largely monochrome, 2x2-foot canvases. The series title refers to the most rigorous musical structure in obvious tribute to Bach, and to Whistler. As in Whistler's late portraits and some of the nocturne landscapes of the 1870s, these paintings are essentially exercises in the poetic evocation of balanced formal elements. And the use of metallic accents is an obvious reference to Klimt.